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Squeeze it or heat it: the gas always answers

A fixed amount of gas is trapped under a piston. Push the piston (Boyle) or heat the gas under a steady load (Charles) and watch the particles, the gauge and PV = nRT change together.

n = 0.100 molSEALED GASR = 8.314 J/mol·K012345L0300600900kPaK
Control to dragSlower particles (colder)Faster particles (hotter)A fixed amount of gas (n = 0.100 mol) is sealed under a piston. Pressure is the push of particle hits on the walls and piston; the gauge reads it.
Volume Vyou set
L
0.50 – 5.00 L. The piston stops before the volume reaches zero.
Temperature T (kelvin)held
K
Kelvin scale only: the lowest allowed value is 50 K, never 0 K.
Load on the pistonCharles only
2 weights
Each weight adds 50 kPa to the 100 kPa of the air above: that is the constant pressure.

Pressure P124.7kParesult
Volume V2.00Lyou set
Temperature T300Kheld
PV
nRT
gap

P against V at constant T

Same law, two ways to see it

Boyle: halve the volume and the particles reach the piston twice as often, so P doubles while T is unchanged. Charles: with the load fixed, hotter particles push harder, so the piston rises until V/T is the same again.

A teaching model

Ideal gas, n = 0.100 mol, R = 8.314 J/(mol·K), so P in kPa times V in litres is in joules. The 48 particles stand in for the huge real number. Qualitative mode only shows "faster when hotter, more hits when squeezed". Exact mode bounces hard spheres elastically and measures the impulse on the piston; with so few particles the measured value is noisy.